LONEITUTE THIAN
Loneitu hriattur puanchhuahna
Loneitu hriattur puanchhuahna
Botanical name : Brassica oleracea var.capitata
Family : Cruciferae
Common Name : Cabbage
Zikhlum chin hun pangngai thlasik lai nilo, fur lai emaw a zikhlum chin hi Off Season cabbage cultivation chu a ni mai awm e. A chin hun pangngai lova thlai thenkhat , chin theihna hmun a thar chhuah vak a, a thar ve theih lohna emaw a that ve theih lohna hmun a, man man zawk a hralh hi off Season cultivation-in a a tum ber pakhat chu a ni. A nih phung pangngaiah chuan Zikhlum hi khawvawh laia chin hi thlasik thlai a ni. Amaherawhchu, Horticulture lama thiamna thang zelin khaw lum tuar thei leh fur lai pawh a chin theih, chi thar siam chhuakin, a hmu chhuak zel a. Kum 1970 vel daih tawh a, Japan mithiam ten an ram khaw lum a chin theih tur zikhlum chi tha nei ngei tura zirbingna (research) an lo beih ve ngar ngarna rah duhawm tak chu keini pawh hian kan chhawr tangkai ve tan ta reng mai. Chuvangin , kan ramah pawh fur zikhlum kan tih Ryozeki te hi, zikhlum ching tute chuan kan lo hmelhriat ve ta.
A chi tha (Variety) :
Ryozeki : Sik leh sa engah pawh a chin theih avangin off season a chin atan hman a ni thin a. Zikhllum kung hi a hnah a hlai deuh bakah a hring nghalh a. A lu hi a tung bial lam niin a tiak an phun sawn atanga ni 70 naah a thar theih tlangpui a, hlum khat hi 1.0 -2 kg a ni tlangpui thin. Zawrh atana bazar hmun hla a phurh kual pawh heng zikhlum hian a dawl zo bik a ni.
Off- Season zikhlum chin (cultivation) chungchanga hriattur pawimawh te :
Off-season cabbage cultivation han tih hian zikhlum chin dan phung pangngai bak, chin dan thar danglam bik engemaw riau a awm chuang lova, a variety erawh thlan fimkhur a ngai thung. Off-season a chin chi chauh variety thlan tur a ni.
Fur lai tak chuan tuitlin loh nan awih tlan deuha chin a finthlak a, nipui lai chuan tlangsang lam leh hmun zo deuh lamah hmun ruam leh chuan hnuai lam aiin a chin hlawhtlin theih zawk a ni. Ryozeki hi Zikhlum pangngai aiin a muk tha a, tui a ngam deuh bik a, hlum te zawk hret mahse a hlum a intiat tlang tha seng sawng hle thung.
A chi kui tiah :
Seed bed 3m X 1m a zau, 0.15m vela sanga siam phawt tur a ni a, hetiang tiat seed bed-ah hian zikhlum chi 37-50g a leng tlangpui. A lei tih thianghlim nan Captan, Captaf, Thiram (3-5 ml/L) @ 5 litres /sqm a leih tur, Formalin solution (40ml/L) pawh a hman theih a, seed bed leih hnawn hnuah sarangin darkar 36-48 up phawt a, chumi hnuah hawn thawt a darkar 72-96 hnuah chauh thlai chi kui tur a ni.
Phun hmain lei chu bawngek tin 2/3 nen uluk taka cheh pawlh a, thlai chi 100g vel leh ceresan emaw fungicide dangte ( 1 tsp) nen thin pawlh a 1.5 -2 cm a thukah kui chauh tur a ni a, lei dip pante a khuh leh tur a ni. Hetia tih hian bed khatah zikhlum tiak 1700 leng a ngaih a ni.
Nisa leh ruah laka ven nan a chung 4-5 ft vela sang siam a tha. Heng off-season zikhlum hi an tiak a tha hle a (90-95 %), chuvangin bi khatah a chi fang khat zel kui a tawk , tin a chi man hi a to avangin a chi ren dan tha tak a ni bawk. Kui zawh hian watering can a nasa lutuk lova tui pek nghal tur a ni.
Chinna leilung :
Lei chi hrang hrangaha a chin theih a, tiauvut lei atanga sawntlung lei thlengin emaw leilung me deuh hnim hnah tawih tamna hmunah a thar hlawk bik. Lei thur lutukah a tha theih lo a. PH 5.5 -6.5 vel a mamawha, tuitlin lohna hmunah chin tur a ni. Lei thur tih hniam nan dolomine emaw slaked lime leia phul a tangkai hle a, ruahtui tam laia chin dawn chuan tuitling lo tura a chinna hmun buatsaih hi tih ngei ngei tur a ni.
Phun sawn (Transplanting ) :
Zikhlum tiak chu kar 4-6 vel a nih a, hnah 3-4 a chhuah hnuah phun sawn tur a ni. Duhthusamah chuan a phunna tur leilung chu uluk taka leitha – bawngek leh a dangte nen siam phawt tur a ni. Ruahtui nasat lutuk laia phun loh a tha.
Tui pek (Irrigation):
Sik leh sa awm dan leh leilung a zirin tui pek dan a inang lo. Fur laiin ruahtui an hak loh nan tui luan ral zung zung tir a pawimawh hle thung. A hlum puitlin hnuah tui pek loh reng hnu a pek lehin a hlum a ti khiin a tipuak duh a, chuvangin a hlum insiam chhoh atanga a puitlin thlengin tui pek dan mumal tak neih a tha . Ruahtui tamna hmunah, a hlum a lo puitlinin a khi chat emaw a puak keh thin a, pumpelh turin pawi tham lova a zung tan thensak thin tur a ni. A zung tan hi rih vur pahin a tih mai theih.
Leitha /Fertilizer pek :
Tin khat hmuna leitha pek dan tur :-
| Sl.No | Leitha | Rate/acre | Pek tur | Pek dan tur |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bawngek leitha | 80 to 100qtl. | "Phunsawn hma kar 3-4 ah" | Thehdarh a, lei nena uluk taka chawhpawlh tur/ chinna tur leiah leh hnan/ leh tel tur |
| 2 | Slaked lime | 4-6 qtls | "Phunsawn kar 3-4 ah bawngek rualinpek tur" | Thehdarh a, lei nena uluktaka chawhpawh tur/ chinna tur leiah leh hnan/leh tel tur |
| 3 | Urea | 130 kgs. | "(i) 43 kgs phun hunah (ii) 43 kgs phunluh atanga thlakhat hnuah (iii) 43 kgs a inhlum tanah" |
"(i) 1st dose hi lei nena chawhpawlh tur (ii) 2nd dose leh 3rd dose tehi a kung bul rih khuar a phula, rih vur leh tur. (iii) A lei seh chin atanga 2-4 inches a hla a pek hi a tha bera ngaih a ni." |
| 4 | SSP | 185 to 190 kgs. | Phun hunah | Lei nen uluk taka chawh-pawlh tur. |
| 5 | MOP | 50 kgs. | Phun hunah | Chinna tur lei nen uluk taka chawhpawlh tur. |
Rih vur (earthing up) :
Hlo thlawh paha lei char leh bek deuh te tih keh a rih vur nghal hian a hlum insiam chho mek a timukin a thar hlawk phah a. A zung chaw la tu ber te hi leichung lang atanga inches 2-3 vel chauha thuka an awm avangin fimkhur taka rihvur a pawimawh hle.
A thar seng ( Harvesting) :-
Zikhlum chu a hlum ruh that tawh si , a hnah la no deuh laiin, a hnah kau tuamtu tlem a zawng la tela seng thin a ni. Seng tlai avangin a hlum keh leh tawih a thleng thei thung a . A hlum seng tawhna hnu a bang thlengin a chingtu ten an hlawkpui thin a, hmun tam takah a chang chawr atanga inhlum la lehin main season laia rate ang thovin hralh leh thin a ni.
Zikhlum seng hlimte hi ni hnih khat tal a khaikhup zawnga dah hil thin tur a ni. Dah hil phawt lova buara ip a thun nghal chuan zikhlumte hi an inup tawih hma bik a, an hralh that theih loh phah thin.
A pack dan (Packing ) :
Zikhlum thar chhuahte chu buara a pack an ni tlangpui, buara bag khat hi 45 kgs. Vela ngaih a ni. Buara a zikhlum pack te hi an tui pai a inthli thlawr that theih nan a khaikhup zawng hlira rem tur a ni. Zikhlum pack nan hian a theih chuan a bawm kil li neiin hnangin siam theih nise. Hei hian zikhlum hmel hem leh chhe tur lakah a veng tha leh zual ang.
A thar vawn that (Storage ):
Zikhlum kan thar chhuahte vawn that a ngai a nih chuan room vawt tak ( 0- 1.7 oC) leh a hnawn lam 92 -95 % RH ah kar 4-6 a vawn that theih a, a thar tlai ho chu a hlum a muk that deuh bik avangin hetiang ang room ah hian kar 12 thleng pawh a vawn that theih a ni.
Eichhetu Rannung leh a ven dan :
Ryozeki hi kan ramah chuan rannung leh natna harsatna lian tham tak kan tawk lutuk lo niin a lang a, chutih rual chuan rannung leh natna tibuaitu a nei ve fo thin. Chung laka invenna damdawi thenkhat te chu :-
a) Aphids :- Rannung te tak te , a hnah hnuai lama a bawra awm a ni a. A hnah an zuk ro thin.
b) Diamond backmoth : Pangang hring te tak te te, zikhlum hnah eikaw pup thin a ni.
c) Cabbage Butterfly :- Pangang hi a lianin a chimawm hle a, enkawl loh chuan a hnah a ei kawng vek thin.
d) Tobacco caterpillar :- Heng rannungte hi an tet lai chuan a uk buang rawngin an bawr tiai thin a, a lo len deuh hnuah a hring dal deuh niin a dumin an de thek thek a, zikhlum hnah leh lu a eichhe thin a ni.
Enkawl dan :- Heng a chunga rannung kan tarlan te khi Malathion (1-2ml/L) hmangin ni 10-15 dana kah tur a ni . A hlum insiam hnuah chuan organic based insecticides kan tih ho neem rah a tanga siam (neemazal –T/S, neem oil etc.) te hi hman a himin a tha.
A natna langsar zualte :-
i. Damping off : He natna hi nursery-a a tiak tirah a hluar a, a tiak te a ti lawng a, a tawih a, a thi mai zel.
Enkawl dan : Nursery-ah he natna hi a lo lan chuan Formalin 2% a kan tuhna hmun tih thianghlum tur. Thlai tiak Captan @2-3g/L @5L/sqm a kah tur.
ii. Downy mildew : A vutbuak natna kan tih mai hi a hnah lo engin, hmuar varin a khuh thin a. He natna hi hmun hnawng tam naah a hluar a, a natna thlentu fungus hi a hnaih a tih tawih tawhna hnuah inthlah pung thinin a tai darh thin a ni.
Enkawl dan : A natna vei zikhlum kung Ridomil MZ 72 @5g/L emaw Dithane M-45@1.5-2g/L in ni 10-15 danah kah tur.
iii. Black rot : Hnah eng leh dum inpawlh natna kan tih mai hi a tiak te deuh te a beihin a than a thu a, an thih phah hial thei.
Enkawl dan : Streptocycline @100-200 ppm a kah tur.